![]() ![]() face processing, emotion recognition and theory of mind) (Sasson et al., 2013a, 2013b). Studies of non-clinical populations have also provided evidence of criterion-based validity reporting correlations between BAPQ scores and limited social-cognitive ability (e.g. AQ and SRS) (Ingersoll et al., 2011 Nishiyama et al., 2014 Sasson et al., 2013a, 2013b). The BAPQ have demonstrated great convergent validity with other often used measures of the BAP (e.g. showing expected group differences in relatives of autistic probands and controls as well as sex differences (Hurley et al., 2007 Ingersoll et al., 2011 Seidman et al., 2012). Studies investigating the psychometric properties of the BAPQ have generally reported good reliability and validity of the BAPQ scores, e.g. The BAPQ has three subscales with 12 items each Aloof personality, Rigid personality and Pragmatic language problems, representing the core components of the BAP (Hurley et al., 2007). specifically developed the BAPQ to capture the BAP features, efficiently and reliably, in non-clinical samples (Hurley et al., 2007). However, common to these instruments is that they were originally designed to measure clinical autistic traits and not the BAP. Historically, the BAP has been estimated with informant-, interview-, and self-report-based methods such as the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) (Constantino et al., 2003), the Family History Interview (FHI) (Bolton et al., 1994) and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001), respectively. Further support for a genetically based continuum has been found in a meta-analysis of ASC twin studies (Tick et al., 2016), where the combined meta-analytic heritability was estimated to be 64–91%, and in population studies, reporting similarly high heritability of the BAP (62–76%) (Ronald et al., 2005). The BAP was first recognized in parents and close relatives of children with ASC (Kanner, 1943) but has since been demonstrated in the general population (Broderick et al., 2015 English et al., 2021 Sasson et al., 2013a, 2013b), supporting the notion of ASC representing an extreme end of a continuous distribution of autism traits. These trait-like features can be understood as a broad autism phenotype (BAP), which refers to a set of subtle but qualitatively similar features to those presented in ASC (Bailey et al., 1998 Bolton et al., 1994). ![]() ASC has a strong hereditary component, and immediate relatives often show mild to distinct trait-like features in addition to an increased risk for the disorder itself (Bailey et al., 1998). Emotional closeness was positively correlated with an active, bold and friendly personality, and perceived cost was negatively correlated with boldness.Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are characterized by social-communicative differences, restricted interests, repetitive behaviors, and sensory abnormalities, which vary across a continuum of severity. Cat-owner interaction was positively correlated with an active and friendly personality and negatively correlated with aloofness. The 3 CORS subscales had adequate psychometric properties when evaluated separately. Tabbies the highest for bold and active, tricolor cats for stubborn, and bicolor cats for tolerant. Gray cats had the highest score for being as shy, aloof and intolerant, while orange cats had the highest scores for being trainable, friendly and calm. Owners perceived their cats as being bold and friendly. 211 cat owners living in Mexico participated. For the personality traits of cats, participants answered a 7-point Likert scale indicating the extent to which they agreed with the following characteristics in describing their cats: active, aloof, bold, calm, friendly, intolerant, shy, stubborn, tolerant and trainable. Therefore, the CORS was translated into Spanish, and its psychometric properties were assessed. The objectives of the study were to describe, from the perspective of their owners, the personality traits of cats based on their coat colors and to evaluate the relationships among the Cat Owner Relationship Scale (CORS), its subscales and the traits of cats. Studies regarding the cat-owner bond are quite rare, and several aspects merit more research, including personality trait differences in cats related to coat color and the cat-owner relationship. ![]()
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